Introduction 

              J. Robert Oppenheimer, creator of the atomic bomb, took many stands in his life.  He took a stand to protect the United States in World War II by building the atomic bomb before Germany; he took a stand after the war by trying to get nuclear research shared and encourage the building of tactical bombs not super bombs; then he took a stand when he could have stepped down from his position he demanded a hearing standing up against the red scare.  Oppenheimer’s three stands each led into the other.